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全国人民代表大会常务委员会


全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于惩治偷税、抗税犯罪的补充规定(附英文)

1992年9月4日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十七次会议通过

为了惩治偷税、抗税的犯罪行为，对刑法作如下补充规定：
一、纳税人采取伪造、变造、隐匿、擅自销毁帐簿、记帐凭证，在帐簿上多列支出或者不列、少列收入，或者进行虚假的纳税申报的手段，不缴或者少缴应纳税款的，是偷税。偷税数额占应纳税额的百分之十以上并且偷税数额在一万元以上的，或者因偷税被税务机关给予二次行政处罚
又偷税的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处偷税数额五倍以下的罚金；偷税数额占应纳税额的百分之三十以上并且偷税数额在十万元以上的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处偷税数额五倍以下的罚金。
扣缴义务人采取前款所列手段，不缴或者少缴已扣、已收税款，数额占应缴税额的百分之十以上并且数额在一万元以上的，依照前款规定处罚。
对多次犯有前两款规定的违法行为未经处罚的，按照累计数额计算。
二、纳税人欠缴应纳税款，采取转移或者隐匿财产的手段，致使税务机关无法追缴欠缴的税款，数额在一万元以上不满十万元的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处欠缴税款五倍以下的罚金；数额在十万元以上的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处欠缴税款五倍以下的罚金。
三、企业事业单位犯第一条、第二条罪的，依照第一条、第二条的规定，判处罚金，并对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
四、纳税人向税务人员行贿，不缴或者少缴应纳税款的，按照行贿罪追究刑事责任，并处不缴或者少缴的税款五倍以下的罚金。
五、企业事业单位采取对所生产或者经营的商品假报出口等欺骗手段，骗取国家出口退税款，数额在一万元以上的，处骗取税款五倍以下的罚金，并对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
前款规定以外的单位或者个人骗取国家出口退税款的，按照诈骗罪追究刑事责任，并处骗取税款五倍以下的罚金；单位犯本款罪的，除处以罚金外，对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，按照诈骗罪追究刑事责任。
六、以暴力、威胁方法拒不缴纳税款的，是抗税，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处拒缴税款五倍以下的罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处拒缴税款五倍以下的罚金。
以暴力方法抗税，致人重伤或者死亡的，按照伤害罪、杀人罪从重处罚，并依照前款规定处以罚金。
七、对犯本规定之罪的，由税务机关追缴不缴、少缴、欠缴、拒缴或者骗取的税款。对依法免予刑事处罚的，除由税务机关追缴不缴、少缴、欠缴、拒缴或者骗取的税款外，处不缴、少缴、欠缴、拒缴或者骗取的税款五倍以下的罚款。
八、本规定自1993年1月1日起施行。

SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONALPEOPLE'S CONGRESS CONCERNING THE IMPOSITION OF PUNISHMENTS IN RESPECT OFOFFENSES OF TAX EVASION AND REFUSAL TO PAY TAX

(Standing Committee, National People's Congress: 4 September 1992)

Whole Doc.
With a view to imposing punishments in respect of offenses of tax
evasion and refusal to pay tax, the relevant supplementary provisions to
the Criminal Law have been formulated as follows:
1. "Evasion of tax" means that a taxpayer fails to pay or underpays
the amount of tax payable through the adoption of the means of forging,
revising, concealing or destroying accounting books or supporting vouchers
for the accounts without authorization, or of overstating expenses or not
stating or understating income in accounting books, or of filing
fraudulent tax returns. Where the amount of tax evaded accounts for more
than ten percent of the amount of tax payable and is over Renminbi 10000
Yuan, or where the taxpayer evades tax again after having been subject to
administrative sanctions imposed by the tax authorities twice by reason of
tax evasion, the taxpayer shall be subject to imprisonment or confinement
with hard labour for a term of not more than three years as well as a fine
of not more than five times the amount of tax evaded. Where the amount of
tax evaded accounts for more than thirty percent of the amount of tax
payable and is over Renminbi 100000 Yuan, the taxpayer shall be subject to
imprisonment for a term of over three years but not more than seven years
as well as a fine of not more than five times the amount of tax evaded.
Where a withholding agent fails to pay or underpays the tax which has
been withheld or collected through the adoption of the means specified in
the preceding Paragraph, and where the amount of tax evaded accounts for
more than ten percent of the amount of tax payable and is over Renminbi
10000 Yuan, a punishment shall be imposed on the withholding agent in
accordance with the provisions stipulated in the preceding Paragraph.
Where the illegal acts specified in the preceding two Paragraphs have
been committed several times and no punishment has been imposed, a
punishment shall be imposed based on the accumulated amounts.
2. Where a taxpayer who has failed to pay the amount of tax payable
adopts the means of transferring or concealing the property, resulting in
failure on the part of the tax authorities to pursue the payment of the
tax in arrears, and where the amount of the tax in arrears is over
Renminbi 10000 Yuan but under Renminbi 100000 Yuan, the taxpayer shall be
subject to imprisonment or confinement with hard labour for a term of not
more than three years as well as a fine of not more than five times the
amount of tax in arrears. Where the amount of tax in arrears is over
Renminbi 100000 Yuan, the taxpayer shall be subject to imprisonment for a
term of over three years but not more than seven years as well as a fine
of not more than five times the amount of tax in arrears.
3. Where an enterprise or institution commits the offenses specified
in Articles 1 or 2 hereof, a fine shall be imposed on the enterprise or
institution in accordance with the provisions set forth in Articles 1 or 2
hereof, and the persons in charge and other personnel who assume direct
responsibility shall be subject to imprisonment or confinement with hard
labour for a term of not more than three years.
4. Where a taxpayer offers a bribe to tax officials and fails to pay
or underpays the amount of tax payable, an investigation into the criminal
liabilities of the taxpayer shall be conducted based on an offense of
bribery, and the taxpayer shall be subject to a fine of not more than five
times the amount of tax which has not been paid or underpaid.
5. Where an enterprise or institution fraudulently obtains a tax
refund through the adoption of deceptive means such as fraudulently
declaring the commodities it produces or operates as export goods, and
where the amount of the tax refund which has been fraudulently obtained is
over Renminbi 10000 Yuan, a fine of not more than five times the amount of
the tax refund which has been fraudulently obtained shall be imposed on
the enterprise or institution, and the persons in charge and other
personnel who assume direct responsibility shall be subject to
imprisonment or confinement with hard labour for a term of not more than
three years.
Where an entity or individual other than those as prescribed in the
preceding Paragraph fraudulently obtains a tax refund for export from the
State, an investigation into the criminal liabilities of the entity or
individual shall be conducted based on an offense of fraud, and a fine of
not more than five times the amount of the tax refund which has been
fraudulently obtained shall be imposed on the entity or individual. In
addition to imposing a fine on an entity which has committed the offense
specified in this Paragraph, an investigation into the criminal
liabilities of the persons in charge and other personnel who assume direct
responsibility shall be conducted based on an offense of fraud.
6. "Refusal to pay tax" means the refusal to pay tax by using
violence or menace. A taxpayer who has refused to pay tax shall be subject
to imprisonment or confinement with hard labour for a term of not more
than three years as well as a fine of not more than five times the amount
of tax the taxpayer has refused to pay. Where the case is serious, the
taxpayer shall be subject to imprisonment for a term of over three years
but not more than seven years as well as a fine of not more than five
times the amount of tax the taxpayer has refused to pay.
In the case of refusal to pay tax by using violence which causes a
person to suffer from serious injury or death, a serious punishment shall
be imposed based on an offence of assault or manslaughter, and a fine
shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions set forth in the
preceding Paragraph.
7. Where the offenses specified herein are committed, the tax
authorities shall pursue the payment of the amount of tax which has not
been paid or underpaid, or is in arrears, or a taxpayer has refused to
pay, or has been fraudulently obtained. Where a taxpayer is exempt from
criminal punishment in accordance with the law, the tax authorities shall,
in addition to pursuing the payment of the amount of tax which has not
been paid or underpaid, or is in arrears, or the taxpayer has refused to
pay, or has been fraudulently obtained, shall impose a fine of not more
than five times the amount of tax which has not been paid or underpaid, or
is in arrears, or the taxpayer has refused to pay, or has been
fraudulently obtained.
8. The present provisions shall come into force as of January 1,
1993.


国家出版局


新华书店滞销图书处理办法

1981年5月11日，国家出版局

各地新华书店在图书进销工作中，要加强调查研究和宣传推荐，尽力防止和减少图书的脱销与积压。对于难以避免的滞销书，要加强书店之间的调剂，调剂后仍有较多积压的可根据情况进行降价或报废处理。处理滞销书，要注意政治严肃性，注意保留、丰富备货品种，尽可能发挥存书作用；但也要防止束手束脚，不敢及时处理。除日常的处理外，每年应对存书进行一次全面清查，对积压的滞销图书集中处理一次。要通过滞销书的清查处理，总结经验教训，改进进销工作，不断提高经营管理水平。
现对滞销书的处理，规定如下：
（一）滞销书范围：
1．风黄污损按原定价销售不出去的图书；
2．原为成套发售（每套合共一个定价）、现已残缺无法配齐的零本书；
3．发行季节将结束时余存的历书、年历画、月历，上一个春节滞销存下的年画，过期的期刊（时间性强的一般为过期半年以上，时间性不强的一般为过期一年以上）；
4．宣传、学习时期将过和已过的宣传画、新闻展览图片和配合时事、政策宣传学习的图书；
5．教育行政部门决定不再使用、社会上需要也很少的中小学教材；
6．已有更完善修订本的同一编著译者的旧版书（包括大学、中专教材）；
7．内容陈旧无保留价值的一般科技书；
8．进货过多长期积压的一般图书。
（二）处理方式：
1．降价：调剂得不到解决或不可能解决的滞销书，可降价处理。降价一段时间仍销售不动的，可进一步降价出售。降价的幅度要适当，一般不低于定价的五折，个别滞销书最低不少于定价的二折。有时间性的图书，降价处理要及时。降价的图书，在书籍封底定价标志附近标明“特价××元”字样。
降价处理图书，应注意政治严肃性。一般应专台出售；有旧书店的宜放在旧书店出售。大中城市书店可视条件和需要设立特价书门市部。马恩列斯著作，党和国家的重要文件、领导人著作，以及其他不宜在特价门市部和一般门市部特价出售的图书，应在旧书店和机关、学校等单位内部出售。领袖像（不包括带有领袖形象的年画、宣传画）的处理，只能报废，不能降价出售。
2．报废：降价也确实销售不掉的滞销书，可以报废或报废一部分。经批准报废的和因风黄污损报废的党和国家领导人著作、领袖像、带有领袖形象的年画和宣传画等，处理时要注意政治严肃性，应一般售给纸厂化浆，不得作其他用途，不得售给其他部门。
报废的滞销书，尚有一定阅读参考价值的，可酌量赠送适用的单位（但不直接赠送个人）。
（三）审批权限：
1．第一至第六类滞销书降价和报废，由县市书店负责人审查决定。风黄污损图书的处理要实事求是，防止随意将可以正常出售的图书作降价和报废处理。风黄污损图书，县市书店有权决定报废的数量，是否要加以限制，由省、市、自治区书店决定。
2．第七、八类滞销书降价和报废，必须由省级书店审查批准。第七类滞销书报废，省级书店审查有困难时，可请有关发货店转请出版社协助审查，要求出版社尽快提出意见。
3．党和国家重要文件、领袖像处理（风黄污损者除外），须经省、市、自治区党政领导主管机关批准。马恩列斯著作、党和国家领导人著作（风黄污损者除外），除特殊情况由中央主管部门通知或批准者外，一概不得处理。
4．为便于处理滞销书，发货店（发行所和省级书店）可以定期征求出版社意见，对出版已久、内容陈旧、无保留价值、而销货店可能还有存货的图书，编印《滞销书处理参考书目》发给各地县市书店。列入以上书目的书，是否处理，由县市书店根据当地存需情况自行决定；按照《滞销书处理参考书目》处理的，不再经过审批。
5．发货店本身的滞销存书，可根据存需情况自行决定降价处理，征求各地书店添配。发货店在书上不改价，各地书店添进后，可以按发货店决定的价格出售，也可以按原定价出售。发货店决定降价处理的书，县市书店如有存书，是否降价处理，可根据本地存需情况自行决定；如按照发货店决定的价格出售，不再经过审批。
（四）财务处理：
1．降价和报废图书发生的经济损失，必须严格按照财务制度的规定处理。报废图书的卖废纸收入，必须入帐，冲减报废的经济损失，不得移作他用。
2．降价和报废的图书，要开列清单（包括书名、出版者、版次、数量、处理方式、报损金额、处理原因、处理根据等），经有关人员和县市书店负责人签字盖章后交财务部门入帐。凡是报废处理的图书，必须将图书的封面撕下（图片撕下版本记录部分，下同），连同清单复本一份寄省级书店查验。查验后封面可不保存，清单留查验店存查。赠送部分不撕封面，将接受单位的收据作为查验凭证。报废数量很大的品种，经省级书店特许，或地区书店派员点验，可以不撕寄封面查验。
（五）处理注意事项：
1．图书作降价报废处理要慎重，要注意保留和丰富备货品种。图书处理的审批，一般应经有关人员研究讨论。第四、七类滞销书，内容是否确实过时、陈旧，要注意鉴别。第八类滞销书降价、特别是报废要从严掌握。滞销书的内容没有时间性的，以及内容是否过时、是否陈旧不易判别的，就不要急于处理。学术著作、科研资料、工具参考书、专门技术书虽存的时间较长，销售很慢，也不要轻率处理；确属必需处理的品种，也要保留一定数量。中外名著，专家、学者、作家的多卷集、文集，中外有影响人士的著作，知名画家的画册、画集等，一般都不要处理。
2．要注意滞销书处理与存书核资的区别。存书核资是分别按存书年限计算的，而且只是帐面上的处置，对外销售仍按原来定价，核资提存的差价实际上是“呆滞损失准备金”性质。因此，已核资提存差价的存书，不等于滞销书；如作滞销书处理仍应逐本研究并严格按照本办法办理。
降价处理时，降价的幅度也应根据滞销情况确定，可以高于或低于存书提成差价。
3．要注意滞销书报废与图书停售报废的区别。图书停售报废是因为图书内容有问题而处理，各地书店应严格按照有关发货店转发出版社的通知及时彻底清理，不得遗漏。滞销书的处理则根据各地的存需情况，各地处理可不一致。两种性质的处理不要混淆，两种图书不可混放。出版社、发货店和上级店不得以“滞销”、“自然淘汰”等名义，通知各地书店报废图书。
4．要加强对滞销书处理工作的领导、管理和检查。要注意纠正和防止不按规定办事和乱降价、乱报废的现象。对工作不负责任和弄虚作假的行为要追究责任，严肃处理。